Fruit Pest News
Volume 8, No. 16 July 5, 2007
A weekly, online newsletter whose goal is to update Extension agents and growers of commercial tree fruit and small fruit crops
on diseases and insects in Tennessee.
This issue of Fruit Pest News contains a subject index for all issues to date for this year. The opening page of the Fruit Pest News web site contains a list of all of the issues. You can connect to the issue of interest there.
We want to take this opportunity to thank you for your readership. Suggestions for topics to address are very welcome. We're grateful for the insect trap counts that some of you have been sending us. We would like to hear when you see a disease or insect for the first time for the year, or if you are experiencing a severe outbreak. The weekly format of this newsletter is designed for reporting such time-sensitive news. Try to phone or e-mail us your news. Of course, all reports are kept anonymous (unless you want us to use your name!). (SB)
In This Issue:
1. Fruit Pest News Index, 3/14/07-6/20/07
2. Control of Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn with Pyrethroid Insecticides
3. European Corn Borer in Pepper and Sweet Corn
4. Grape Berry Moth
5. Inspect Apples for Signs of Feeding Damage
6. Pheromone Trap Catch Reports
Fruit Pest News Index, 3/14/06 through 6/20/06
|
Crop |
Subject |
Issue Date |
|
Apple |
cedar-apple rust, strategy |
5/8 |
|
|
codling moth |
4/3 |
|
|
copper sprays, dormant |
3/21 |
|
|
dogwood borer |
5/29 |
|
|
dormant oil spray |
3/14 |
|
|
fire blight, control during bloom |
3/28 |
|
|
fire blight, control on no-fruit trees |
4/10, 5/8 |
|
|
fire blight, first report |
4/17 |
|
|
fire blight, pruning strategies in young trees |
6/12 |
|
|
fire blight, trauma blight |
6/12 |
|
|
fire blight, what to do when appears |
5/29 |
|
|
fungicide spray program, early-season |
3/28 |
|
|
insects, pheromone traps, count updates |
3/27, 4/3, 4/10, 4/17, 4/24, 5/1, 5/22, 5/29, 6/5, 6/12, 6/19 |
|
|
insects, pheromone traps, notes |
3/14, 3/21 |
|
|
insects, possible effects of April freeze on |
6/12 |
|
|
insecticides for tight cluster to pink sprays |
3/28 |
|
|
Indar fungicide labeled |
3/14 |
|
|
plum curculio |
4/3 |
|
|
powdery mildew, strategy |
5/8, 6/12 |
|
|
redbanded leafrollers |
5/29 |
|
|
scab, strategy |
5/8 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Blackberry and Raspberry |
anthracnose |
5/1 |
|
|
orange rust, description and control |
4/24 |
|
|
spray program, fungicides, for blackberry |
5/1 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Blueberry |
twig blight, compared with freeze injury |
4/17 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Cucurbit Crops |
cucumber beetles, striped |
5/22 |
|
|
downy mildew, description and control |
5/15 |
|
|
powdery mildew, planning |
5/22 |
|
|
spray program for disease control |
6/19 |
|
Grape |
black rot, critical period |
5/8 |
|
|
bloom period disease-control needs |
5/22 |
|
|
Botrytis bunch rot, time for spray |
6/12 |
|
|
grape cane gallmaker |
5/15 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Peach and other stone fruits |
borers, peachtree and lesser peachtree |
6/5 |
|
|
disease control in de-fruited orchards |
5/1 |
|
|
insect control in de-fruited orchards |
4/17 |
|
|
insects, pheromone traps, count updates |
See apple |
|
|
Leucostoma canker |
5/22 |
|
|
Oriental fruit moth, degree-day predictions |
4/3 |
|
|
plum curculio |
4/3 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Pear |
Fabraea leaf spot control in de-fruited trees |
5/29 |
|
Strawberry |
angular leaf spot, watch for |
4/17 |
|
|
anthracnose control, plant dip |
4/17 |
|
|
disease control after harvest, matted row |
6/5 |
|
|
insect outlook |
4/24 |
|
|
Sevin, corrections for regional IPM guide |
5/8 |
|
|
spray schedule, suggested fungicide |
3/21 |
|
|
spray program for de-fruited plantings |
4/10 |
|
Sweet Corn |
Caterpillar pests |
5/22 |
|
Tomato |
leaf roll |
6/19 |
|
|
spotted wilt control |
6/12, 6/19 |
|
|
spotted wilt forecast |
4/24 |
|
|
spotted wilt reports |
6/5, 6/12, 6/19 |
|
|
spray program, suggested fungicide |
6/5 |
|
Miscellaneous |
biopesticides, searchable database |
5/29 |
|
|
coppers, verdict of special review |
3/21 |
|
|
contamination of produce |
3/14 |
|
|
chloroneb, possible cancellation |
5/29 |
|
|
Commercial Vegetable Disease, Insect & Weed Control Guide, status |
6/5 |
|
|
current conditions and crop development stages |
3/14, 3/21, 3/27, 4/3, 4/10, 4/17, 4/24, 5/1, 5/8, 5/22, 5/29 |
|
|
digital camera - a great diagnostic tool |
5/15 |
|
|
first reports for the year |
5/8, 5/15, 6/5, 6/12 |
|
|
fungicides, recommendation changes for 2007 for fruit |
3/14 |
|
|
fungicides, recommendation chages for 2007 for vegetables |
3/14 |
|
|
honeybee losses, recent |
4/3 |
|
|
insect update, vegetables (Colorado potato beetle, squash bug, flea beetle, potato leafhopper) |
5/29 |
|
|
insecticides, recommendation changes for 2007 for fruits and vegetables |
3/14 |
|
|
insecticide update |
3/21, 6/19 |
|
|
Japanese beetles and green June beetles |
6/5 |
|
|
miticide update, fruit and vegetable crops |
6/19 |
|
|
Mustange Max, new fruit uses |
5/1 |
|
|
Kocide, new formulation |
5/8 |
|
|
seed treatment news, fungicides |
4/24 |
|
|
spray guides, where to find |
3/14 |
|
|
spray equipment web site |
5/15 |
|
|
vegetable diagnostics, how whiteflies can affect |
5/15 |
|
|
water quality and fresh produce |
3/28 |
2. Control of Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn with Pyrethroid Insecticides
It was
reported in the June 18 edition of Kentucky Pest News by Ric Bessin that pyrethroid
insecticides have been shown to be much less effective in controlling corn earworms
in recent tials in the midwest and at the Princeton Research Station in Kentucky.
They state that early planted sweet corn (before the first part of May) generally
escapes high corn earworm pressure and the pyrethroids should provide very good control.
Plantings made after mid-May will have more problems because corn earworm populations
tend to be larger and pyrethroid activity will drop with increasing temperatures.
The preventive insecticide sprays should start when 10% of the plants start to show
fresh silks and should be repeated on a 3 to 5 day schedule until silks dry. Drop
nozzels targeting the ears in the middle third of the plant are also important.
If the level of control is not satisfactory, reveiw the basics and then possibly
look into trying some of the alternative insecticides with different modes of action
in a rotation. (FH)
3. European Corn Borer in Pepper and Sweet Corn
The European
corn borer (ECB) can do considerable damage to peppers. The egg masses are layed
on the underside of leaves. The tiny larvae move to the leaf axils or fruit to bore
into the plant. Often, they make a tiny pinhole tunnel into the fruit in or around
the cap. These pinholes might have a bit of frass showing but in general are hard
to see. This makes it difficult to cull fruit using visual inspection. If the fruit
begins to rot, the larvae often will exit and attack uninfested fruit. It is best
to plant peppers as far away as possible from corn.
Just like the corn earworm,
damage to sweet corn by ECB is greater in late-planted sweet corn and long-season
varieties. The primary concern in sweet corn is feeding damage in the ear. The
ECB can feed on kernels near the tip of the ear or in the side of the ear. It is
probably harder to detect the damage when the larvae enter the side of the ear.
The ECB can also cause damage by feeding on the leaves and stalk and even the butt
of the ear. (FH)
4. Grape Berry Moth
I recently visited the on-line Virginia
grape page to find out more about controlling the grape berry moth. I found an excellent
article that was modified from an extension bulletin by D. G. Pfeiffer & P. B.
Schultz, entitled "Major Insect and Mite Pests of Grape in Virginia" (Va.
Coop. Ext. Serv. 444-567 (1986)). I learned that while chemical control is extremely
important in managing grape berry moth, mating disruption and cultural control are
also valuable tools. Cultural controls include raking and burning the leaves in
the fall. Cultivation of the soil beneath rows will bury overwintering pupae. Pile
soil from row centers beneath vines about a month before harvest. Pull this ridge
of soil back into the row center and plow or disk in the spring (two or more weeks
before bloom). (FH)
5. Inspect Apples for Signs of Feeding Damage
It is a
good idea to periodically inspect apples on the tree for direct fruit damage from
pests such as codling moth, oriental fruit moth and plum curculio. The caterpillars
(larvae) of codling moth and oriental fruit moth are very similar in appearance and
are messy feeders. Cut open some of the infested fruit to see if you can find the
larvae. If the exit hole is present and the larva is gone then you know that the
larva had time to mature and exit the fruit. These larvae came from eggs probably
laid over a month ago. If larvae are found in the fruit, note whether they are nearly
full grown or small. If they are still small, then you know that there was a breakdown
in recent sprays while the presence of more mature larvae puts the spray period in
question closer to three weeks back. (FH)
6. Pheromone Trap Catches for 2007
Nashville (Davidson County)
Oriental fruit moth (OFM), redbanded leafroller
(RBLR), obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), codling moth (CM), grape berry moth (GBM),
variegated leafroller (VLR), black cutworm (BCW), diamondback moth (DBM), armyworm
(AW), cabbage looper (CL)
| OFM | RBLR | OBLR | CM | GBM | VLR | BCW | DBM | AW | CL | |
| 2-22 (caught one RBLR in last year's trap) put out new trap | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2-26 | -- | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2-28 | -- | 1* | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-2 | -- | 3 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-12 | -- | 50 | 0 | -- | -- | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-14 (Put out OFM, CM, OBLR, BCW) | -- | 26 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-20 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-21 | 1 | 7 | 0 | -- | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-26 | 20** | 34 | 0 | -- | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-27 (put out AW trap) | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-30 | 12 | 16 | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | -- |
| 4-2 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | 1 | -- |
| 4-3 (put out DBM, GBM, CL) | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | 0 | -- | 0 | -- |
| 4-5 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4*** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-17 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-23 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-25 | 8 | 0 | 2**** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4^ | 0 | 0 |
| 4-30 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 5-21 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| 5-29 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 6-19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7-2 | 0+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
* Biofix for RBLR in Davidson County was February 28.
** Biofix for OFM in
Davidson County was March 26.
*** Biofix for GBM in Davidson County was April
10.
**** Biofix for OBLR in Davidson County was April 25.
^ Biofix for DBM
in Davidson County was April 25.
+ Pheromone lure missing
Bradley County
| OFM | CM | |
| 3-26 | 1 | 0 |
Putnam County
| OFM | RBLR | OBLR | CM | VLR | |
| 3-19 | 1 | 9* | 0 | 4*** | 0 |
| 3-21 | 1** | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 3-23 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 3-26 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 3-28 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 3-30 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4-2 | 6 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-6 | 2 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 4-13 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-20 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-23 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 4-25 | 0 | 0 | 1**** | 0 | 0 |
| 4-27 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 5-4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
| 5-11 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5-25 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5-28 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 6-2 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-4 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-13 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-15 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-20 | 13 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-22 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-27 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*Biofix for RBLR in Putnam County estimated as March 2 (trap not out early enough).
**Biofix
for OFM in Putnam County March 21.
***Waiting to verify biofix for CM, many unknown
moths being caught in these traps that can easily be mistaken for CM.
**** Biofix
for OBLR in Putnam County for OBLR was April 25.
Obion County
| OFM | RBLR | OBLR | CM | VLR | |
| 3-19 | 0 | 17* | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3-26 | 5** | 89 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 4-11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4-23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4-30 | 7 | 0 | 10*** | 0 | 17**** |
| 5-7 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| 5-17 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 14 |
| 5-21 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 5-29 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-4 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6-11 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6-20 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6-25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7-2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
* Biofix for RBLR in Obion County estimated to be on March 2 (trap not out early
enough).
** Biofix for OFM in Obion County on March 26.
*** Biofix for OBLR
in Obion County on April 30.
**** Biofix for VLR in Obion County on April 30.
(FH)
The Fruit Pest News URL is: http://web.utk.edu/~extepp/fpn/fpn.htm
Contacts:
Steve Bost, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist
Frank Hale, Professor and Extension Entomologist
Both authors available at:
615-832-6802
fax 615-781-2568
Plant and Pest Diagnostic Center
5201 Marchant Drive
Nashville, TN 37211